Journal of
Defense Resources Management
Indexed by:
JoDRM Volume 4, Issue no. 1 (6), April 2013
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CONTENTS |
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OFFICER AND COMMANDER IN ASYMMETRIC WARFARE OPERATIONS Giuseppe CAFORIO GEN (ret.), Vice-president of the Italian Interuniversity Centre of Historical and Military Studies, outside consultant of the governmental Italian Centre of Strategic and Military Studies, Italy |
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| Abstract | |
| Starting from the data of a field research conducted among soldiers with asymmetric warfare experiences from nine different countries, the author seeks to identify and shed light on the various problems that officers with command responsibilities had to face during their missions. A picture emerges of feelings and experiences relating to their first impression upon arriving in the theatre, relations with local armed forces, relations with the local population and local authorities, relations with NGOs, relations with other armies, the impact of the rules of engagement (ROEs), training and education, and operational experiences. The paper ends with a discussion of the lessons learned. | |
| Keywords | |
Asymmetric, Operations, Professional, Local, Armed Forces |
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MANAGING DEFENSE RESOURCES. IS THERE A ‘LANGUAGE OF LEADERSHIP’? Luiza KRAFT Associate Professor, Ph.D., “Carol I” National Defence University, Bucharest, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| Focusing on President Barack Obama’s statement on defense strategy in response to $450 billion cuts required by the Budget Control Act of 2011, the present article examines why a leader’s ability to craft and articulate a message that is highly motivational is so critical nowadays and epitomizes on the new language skills of leadership. Moreover, it looks at a concrete example of how a modern leader can bring about understanding, acceptance, commitment and confidence in his national missions through his/her choice of words, values, and beliefs. It also explores the importance of rhetorical techniques such as quotes, metaphors, rhythm, etc. in causing excitement and enthusiasm about the leader's message to the nation. | |
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Human Resources Management, Defence Resources Management, Language of Leadership, Management Tools |
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NO APPARENT FEAR OF DEATH. A TENTATIVE INVESTIGATION INTO THE ‘NAFOD’ HYPOTHESIS Scott GORDON PsyDc, MA, PCC, Capital Coaching and Research Group, Alexandria, VA, USA |
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| Abstract | |
| ‘NAFOD’ is a theoretical, psychological disorder seen as a genetic predisposition dominant in individuals undertaking professions categorized as being risky with calculation. The ‘Nafodic’ personality is reckless beyond the hard-wired risk taking profile of an adult male, is knowledgeable about death, is aware of its causes, takes risks not classified as calculated, is not a hero-type personality, is stubborn, and shares many traits of, but not nearly enough of, the disorders listed above. | |
| Keywords | |
NAFOD, Central Intelligence, Defense Intelligence, Military Science, Behavioral Science, Psychology, Social Psychology, Defense Resource Management |
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THE AMBITIONS OF THE SLOVAK ARMED FORCES. THEORY AND REALITY prof. Eng. Milan SOPÓCI, PhD. Eng. Lubomír MATTA Armed Forces Academy of GEN M.R.Štefánik in Liptovský Mikuláš, Slovak Republic |
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| Abstract | |
| The contribution made by this article presents some scopes, approaches and results of the transformation of the Slovak Armed Forces within the frame of limited defense resources. On the other hand, it confronts the Slovak Armed Forces transformation with strategic documents of the Slovak Republic and of the Defense Department, namely the Safety Strategy, the Defense Strategy, the Strategic Evaluation of Defense and the Complete Evaluation of Defense. The differences are compared with Government policy statements and indicate difference between theory and reality. | |
| Keywords | |
| Defense Sources, Strategy, Transformation, Safety Environment, Competences, Evaluation, Defense | |
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WAR TERMINATION IN SOMALIA AND KENYA DEFENSE FORCES’ (KDF) ROLE E.O.S. ODHIAMBO *, J. KASSILLY **, L.T. MAITO **, K. ONKWARE ***, OBOKA, W. A. *** * Kenya Military Academy (KMA), Ministry of State for Defence (MoSD ** Dept. of Peace and Confl ict Studies (PCS), Masinde Muliro University of Science Technology *** Dept. of Emergency Management and Humanitarian Assistance (EMHA), Masinde Muliro University of Science Technology | |
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| War causes and conduct have fascinated war planners, war executors and scholars for a long time because little attention has been given to how wars are ended. This oversight is apparent not only in historical accounts of warfare but, more importantly, in contemporary analyses and doctrinal formulations of deterrence and overall defense policies. Just as historians have focused on how wars begin and are fought, military analysts and planners have concentrated on influencing the initiation and conduct of warfare rather than on analyzing the process and requirements for terminating warfare on acceptable terms and at acceptable costs. Conflict termination is the formal end of fighting, not the end of conflict. Despite the volumes of research and literature on the subject, belligerents mismanage war termination. The major objective of wartime strategy is defeating enemy arms as quickly as possible with the least cost in friendly casualties. As long as hostilities endure, diplomacy is subordinated to military requirements. War termination planning, as it is currently accomplished, takes the form of civil affair planning on the details of how the vanquished will be managed following the capitulation of the enemy and cessation of hostilities. We argue that Kenya Defence Forces (KDF) prudently terminated its war with the terrorists group Al-Shabaab that merged with Al-Qaeda when they agreed to be integrated into the African Union Mission for Somalia (AMISOM) which is backed up by the United Nations. | |
| Keywords | |
Termination, War, Incursion, Rehatting, Kenya Defence Forces (KDF) |
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UTILIZING BÉZIER SURFACE PATTERN RECOGNITION FOR INTEGRATING QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF MILITARY TACTICS LTC Jari SORMUNEN *, D. Sc. Harri ESKELINEN ** * National Defence University, Finnish Defence Forces, Finland ** Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland | |
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| This paper describes how to develop and utilize a method based on Bézier surface pattern recognition, which could be used for the overall military tactical analysis of a company’s attack. This paper also explains how this method could be applied to an integrated analysis of the most important tactical factors affecting the success and task fulfillment of an attack together with the effects of the leader’s decision-making and his or her tactical solutions. | |
| Keywords | |
| Military Tactics, Decision-making, Company, Attack Exercise | |
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AMMUNITION PURCHASE DECISIONS IN THE FACE OF LONG LEAD TIMES AND USAGE UNCERTAINTY W. J. HURLEY Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Royal Military College of Canada | |
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| Ammunition purchase decisions are confounded by two signifi cant factors: long lead times for suppliers to produce and deliver ammunition; and signifi cant usage uncertainty. This puts a premium on careful planning to make sure that there are no shortages and, at the same time, that inventories are not excessively high. This paper presents a model for determining purchase requirements which trade-off these competing objectives. | |
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Ammunition Purchase, Decision-making Models, Uncertainty, Planning |
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MEANS OF CHEMICAL RECONNAISSANCE AND CONTROL IN THE FIGHT AGAINST CBRN TERRORISM Prof. Dipl. Eng. Dušan VIČAR, Ph.D.* Mgr. Radim VIČAR, Ph.D.** * Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Faculty of Logistic and Crisis Management, Zlín, Czech Republic ** University of Defence, Faculty of Economics and Management, Brno, Czech Republic |
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| Abstract | |
| The chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear terrorism (CBRN terrorism) is a special form of terrorism known for its extraordinary efficiency as superterrorism or ultra-terrorism. Detection and identification of the presence of hazardous chemical toxic substances is very difficult and can be achieved only by using advanced detection and monitoring instruments and devices that are currently only in the equipment of units of the Fire and Rescue Service of the Czech Republic and some units of the chemical troops of the Czech Army. Instigators of chemical terrorism count on the surprise factor, as well as on the difficulty and great delay in detecting the presence of hazardous chemical toxic substances. Therefore, for early warning of the population and minimization of consequences of a terrorist attack with the use of hazardous chemicals, the ability of early detection and subsequent identification is very important. | |
| Keywords | |
| Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Terrorism, CBRN agents, CBRN terrorism, CBRN Counter-Terrorism, Chemical Reconnaissance and Survey Equipment | |
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MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR. SOME BASIC ASPECTS PhD Jaroslav NEKORANEC Department of Management, Armed Forces Academy of GEN. M. R. Stefanik in Liptovsky Mikulas, Slovakia |
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| Abstract | |
| Experience has shown that it is necessary to focus more on organizational behaviour. This requires managers to get familiar with several social and psychological scientific disciplines which can help them answer the questions related to the impact of the organization and organizational philosophy on the behaviour of managers and employees. In addition, organizational behaviour includes knowing individual differences between people in the organization and their impact on fulfilling organization’s objectives. It also explains the relationships between people in connection to organizational culture, functioning of work teams, communication, etc. Analysis and interpretation of organizational behaviour should become part of managers’ training so that they are able to explain and predict behaviour of people in the organization they manage. | |
| Keywords | |
| Organizational Behaviour, Management, Communication, Organizational Culture | |
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SOURCES OF ORGANIZATIONAL CONFLICT IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. THEORETICAL INSIGHTS AND A CASE STUDY Kaveh HASANI *, Saeed SADEGHI BOROUJERDI ** * M.A. Management, Department of Management, Young Researchers Clubs, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University of Sanandaj, Iran ** Prof., Sport Management, Department of Physical Education, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran |
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| Abstract | |
| Conflict in university is a phenomenon drawing increasing attention on behalf of managers and staff. This article is the result of a study aimed at analyzing the sources of organizational conflict based on the attitudes and opinions of staff and managers working in the Islamic Azad University of Sanandaj branch in Iran. In the article, the descriptive -exploratory method was applied. The population was 521 official and non-official members of the Sanandaj University. 220 individuals were chosen as the sample. Reliability was approved through Cronbach alpha (0.87). Statistical methods were applied using the SPSS software. Results revealed that, between managers and staff, there were conflicts regarding incompatible goals, ambiguity and role conflict, ambiguous rules, inconsistent evaluation and reward systems, job stresses, and deficiency in the information system of the university. | |
| Keywords | |
| Conflict, Organization, Managers, Staff, University | |
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IMPLEMENTING A RISK MANAGEMENT STANDARD Constantin PREDA Risk Manager NATO Alliance Ground Surveillance Management Agency (NAGSMA), NATO HQ, Brussels, Belgium |
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| Abstract | |
| After risk management “conquered” more and more project managers’ minds and showed its benefits for business and programs, the need to have a global risk management standard has become a crucial issue in the world of risk management. But having a global risk management standard has been a big challenge, starting from the decision of developing the standard (March-June 2005), to the moment of publishing it, November 2009. So, developing the ISO 31000:2009 standard has been more or less like a bumpy ride. Apparently, the people involved in developing the global risk management standard understood from the very beginning that no challenges are too big, nor any tasks too small and that the task of having a new, comprehensive global risk management standard should be completed with excellence: defining the principles and the framework guiding the risk management process applicable for all type of organizations and for a wide range of activities. Coming up with a global standard should always be based on the real organizations’ needs and should fulfill real risk management requirements. The article is trying to present the pros and cons of risk management standard implementation, challenging the implementation process itself and the added value of implementing the standard due to the lack of implementation enablers, like risk culture, a real problem especially in an international environment. | |
| Keywords | |
| Standard, Implementation, Risk Culture, ISO, Enablers | |
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DESIGNING AND MEASURING CAPABILITY. A NEW PERSPECTIVE Ovidiu COCENESCU Romanian Intelligence Service, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| The concept of capability has long been a topic for debate among planners. The main benefit brought by it is that of ensuring the connection between objectives and necessary financial resources. Thus, capability is a median element within the process of integrated planning. In this context, there are sceptics who consider that capability cannot be measured. However, this article aims at presenting a pattern and a formula for measuring and interpreting the level of capability. | |
| Keywords | |
| Capability, Integrated Planning, Objectives, Financial Resources, Resources Allocation | |
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ROMANIAN NATIONAL DEFENSE PLANNING. ARGUMENTS IN FAVOR OF A MORE REALISTIC APPROACH Mirel Alexandru TARIUC, Dragos Gabriel GHERCIOIU Institute for Political Studies of Defense and Military History, Bucharest, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| The whole Europe is undergoing a very difficult economic period. That has led in most cases to a decrease in defense spending. Romania is confronted with a similar situation and that makes it impossible for it to reduce the gap with the strong states, despite the facts provided by the speeches of politicians. Therefore, it is imperative to have a serious strategic analysis, balancing the political objectives with the real possibilities of a still precarious economy. A partial solution to resolving this situation can be the ‘smart defense’ concept, implemented wherever and as much possible. | |
| Keywords | |
| Strategic Defense Review, Smart Defense, Military Expenditure, Effectiveness, Efficiency | |
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CONTRIBUTIONS AND ROMANIAN OPTIONS TO STRENGTHEN SECURITY FOR SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE IN REGIONAL BILATERAL/TRILATERAL ARRANGEMENTS IN THE BLACK SEA AREA Florin-Eduard GROSARU Lecturer, Regional Department of Defense Resources Management Studies, Brasov, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| Regional cooperation to improve security and stability materializes in the existence of many bi or trilateral intergovernmental relations in the initiation and development of regional initiatives and organizations. All these actions provide an opportunity to identify and develop viable assessment procedures of the strategic environment, risks and threats to security and stability in the area, and to the identification of appropriate tools of crisis management. At the same time, a viable regional cooperation boosts the states of the South-East Europe area to have significant contribution to resolving tension, crisis or potential conflict that manifests in the area. | |
| Keywords | |
| Security, Political option, Regional cooperation, Security of the Black Sea, South-Eastern Europe | |
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APPROACHES TO GLOBAL SECURITY. ACTORS, MANIFESTATIONS AND TENDENCIES Gheorghe MINCULETE *, Polixenia OLAR ** * COL PhD, professor at the Logistics, Finance and Accounting Department, "Carol I" National Defence University, Bucharest, Romania ** Teaching Assistant, PhD student, Foreign Languages Department, "Carol I" National Defence University, Bucharest, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| Nowadays, the world seems to be in a transition from the current system founded on the liberal social, economic and political model to a more diverse and heterogeneous model in which the determinant role is played by a number of state and non-state actors. The step from the Western system of cultural, political and predominant economic values to a more diverse and heterogeneous system makes the actors involved defend not only their visions, but also promote their own interests. The differences between visions gain relevance and clarity because the countries supporting them obtain increased power, and that is more than obvious. All this leads to a symmetric allocation of different means, which generates uncertainties and diminishes unilateral actions This transition process impacts global security especially through the asymmetric, unconventional and hybrid risks and threats manifesting worldwide. | |
| Keywords | |
| Globalization, International Security Environment, Global Security, European Security and Defence Policy, Global Dominance, World Hierarchy, Failed States | |
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CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION WITHIN THE EUROPEAN UNION Vasile N. POPA Professor, Ph.D, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania |
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| The new dynamics and intensity of the risks and threats posed to societal functioning and citizens’ security have acquired new meanings. Consequently, an integrated approach to the concept of ”critical infrastructure” is necessary. The critical nature of some of the basic characteristics of the critical infrastructures has made them acquire new meanings within the national/transnational strategic planning. Moreover, the complexity and importance of critical infrastructure protection for social stability have generated the correlaton of the strategies developed by states and organizations. | |
| Keywords | |
| Critical Infrastructure, Vulnerability, Risk, Threat, Critical Infrastructure Protection | |
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CONSIDERATIONS ON USING THE SITUATIONAL CRISIS COMMUNICATION THEORY IN THE CRISIS COMMUNICATION PLANNING ACTIVITIES OF ROMANIAN ARMED FORCES’ INFORMATION AND PUBLIC RELATIONS STRUCTURES George DAVID *, Ion CHICIUDEAN ** * Col. (ret.), Assistant Prof., PhD, National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, Communication and Public Relations Faculty, Bucharest, Romania ** Bg. Gen. (ret.), Associate Prof., PhD, National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, Communication and Public Relations Faculty, Bucharest, Romania |
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| Organizational crisis situations – quite frequently met in military establishments, as well – represent a major threat against reputation, one of the most important intangible resources that organizations own. The Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) suggests focusing managerial efforts in organizations facing crisis situations on preserving reputation through the proper management of stakeholders’ perceptions. Moreover, besides the theoretical framework, SCCT offers a wide range of practical tools to be used by managers and communication experts, tools which can be exploited successfully by the military information and public relations structures, too. This paper particularly focuses on the crisis communication planning effort, reviewing the main theoretical aspects of SCCT, as well as practical solutions which can be helpful to crisis communication planners. | |
| Keywords | |
| Crisis Management, Crisis Communication, Crisis Responsibility, SCCT, Organizational Reputation, Spokesperson | |
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FRAMING AND AUTHORIAL ATTITUDES IN ROMANIAN OPINION DISCOURSE ON THE STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN ROMANIA AND THE UNITED STATES Raluca LEVONIAN Lecturer, Ph.D., University of Calabria / Teaching Assistant, University of Bucharest, Romania |
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| This article continues a previous study on the evaluations of the strategic partnership between Romania and the United States reflected in the Romanian media, by focusing on the authorial attitudes expressed and on the discursive strategies involved, especially on the framing strategy. Recent history appears to play a significant role in the interpretations of the contemporary events which the journalists advance. In the deonticsphere, a major dichotomy in use is ‘democracy’ versus ‘communism’, as a new articulation of the good – bad opposition. From this perspective, Romania’s recent past is negatively viewed by Romanian opinion discourse. The texts enhancing the affective dimension construct a different view of the past, based on an idealized representation of the former times, which is contrasted with a negative depiction of the present. Similar to previous research on European media (Riegert, Pettersson 2011), this brief analysis shows that the strategic partnership with the United States is therefore valued from the viewpoint of Romania’s needs and capacities. Although it is often perceived as incongruent with Romania’s present conditions, media discourse also reveals the effort to integrate the new events in the previous common sense scripts of Romanian life. | |
| Keywords | |
| Opinion Discourse, Romania, U.S.A., Framing, Scripts | |
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RISKS RESULTING FROM THE DISCREPANCY BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND LEADERSHIP Brindusa Maria POPA Junior lecturer, Regional Department of Defense Resources Management Studies, Brasov, Romania |
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| Leadership is the art of obtaining maximum support and effort from a group of people, of stimulating them to want to do things which they normally would not do. Leadership is the art of creating a vision for the future of the organization and increasing the level of performance above the normal level. Nevertheless, none of these things could happen if the leader’s values and vision collide with the culture of the organization. | |
| Keywords | |
| Culture, Leadership, Performance, Leaders, Goals, Objectives | |
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CHALLENGES IN THE IDENTIFICATION AND ACQUISITION OF STATE OF THE ART INTELLIGENCE Catalin ANTON Regional Department of Defense Resources Management Studies, Brasov, Romania |
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| When states and organizations want to take an important decision they must obtain valuable data and information. The whole intelligence cycle must be very fast and clear for all decision makers, because time elapses and there are people waiting for their mistakes. All over the world information is fl ooding in great streams in all directions, and only the one who is well trained and watchful can pick up that information which is necessary to complete a process or to complete one’s own data bases. | |
| Keywords | |
| Information, Data, Intelligence, Organization, State, Performance, Decision-making | |
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CONSIDERATIONS ON OPTIMUM RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN AVIATION SECURITY Catalin CIOACA Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania |
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| This paper proposes a framework description for the implementation of a simple tool to the problem of optimal allocation of resources in the aviation security system, in the context of terrorist threats. The analysis shows that even when the uncertainties are large, plausible hypothesis with regard to the conditions in which the security systems could produce benefits can be developed, on the basis of well founded risk analysis. Amid the current economic climate, but also with the more evident trend to transfer airport administration to private management, decision-makers need to understand and to respond to the acute need of financial efficiency for airport activities, without negatively affecting the safety and security of passengers. | |
| Keywords | |
| Security, Aviation System, Resource, Economic Resilience | |
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TECHNICAL ASPECTS REGARDING THE IMPROVEMENT OF AEROSPACE AIR DEFENSE VECTORS’ PERFORMANCES Vasile SANDRU “Henri Coanda” Air Force Academy, Brasov, Romania |
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| Confronted with the spectacular evolution of the aircraft and other aerial vehicles, the systems destined to combat them, especially Surface-to-Air Missile Systems (SAMS), went through an accelerated loss of their performance. The financial crisis has forced an extension of the system operation even if the system is outdated. Therefore, a new modernized version has been designed. Many times, it is better to improve an existing system than to buy a new one. This article describes the diversity of SAMS’s challenges, involving a decrease in time regarding their number. The types of challenges can be divided in two categories: technical and institutional ones. The technical challenges can be also divided in two categories: deterioration of material and obsolescence. The classes of material that present interest for us are aerodynamic vector structure, propulsion, and special systems. From an institutional point of view, the main problems are: cost versus performance and cost versus the remaining lifetime (technical resource) of the air defense system. The article finishes with conclusions that support the possibility and necessity of a SAMS upgrade, given the change of the threats characteristics. | |
| Keywords | |
| SAMS (Surface-to-Air Missile Systems), Technical and Institutional challenges, LCC (Life Cycle Cost) | |
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INNOVATIVE MULTIPLE IT&C LOW COST SYSTEMS USED IN SECURE COMMUNICATIONS Ionica CIRCIU, Luchian ANDREI, Mircea BOSCOIANU “Henri Coanda” Air Force Academy, Brasov, Romania |
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| The purpose of this article is to point out the main aspects regarding the use of VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) to discover and locate the source of information, but also to create a data base with the information gathered this period. The user can not only access the files, but he can also use other types of Internet services at the same time. The applications refer to multiplex system, but a low cost solution will diminish the trust of the decision-makers in implementing and using these innovative solutions. | |
| Keywords | |
| Network of Organizations, VoIP, Partnership, Multiplex or multiple accesses, Virtual Enterprises (VE) | |
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THE AERODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THE PROFILES FOR FLYING WINGS Vasile PRISACARIU Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania |
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| The possibility of using an un-piloted aerial vector is determined by the aerodynamic characteristics and performances. The design for a tailless unmanned aerial vehicles starts from defining the aerial vector mission and implies o series of geometrical and aerodynamic aspects for stability. This article proposes to remark the aerodynamic characteristics of three profiles used at flying wing airship through 2D software analysis. | |
| Keywords | |
| Airfoil, Flying Wing, Aerodynamic Analysis, Reynolds Number | |
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THE SCIENTIFIC OPTIMIZATION OF SPORT TRAINING FOR BODY FORTIFICATION Gheorghe MIHALACHE “Henri Coanda” Air Force Academy, Brasov, Romania / Physical Education and Sport State University, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova |
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| The aim of this article is to compare and contrast sport training in general and sport education in school in order to emphasize the general differences and similarities between them. As a result of this approach, the role of physical exercise in both situations, the benefits it brings to the human body in terms of an improved physical condition and health will be discussed and underlined. | |
| Keywords | |
| Energy Source, Inner Balance, Physical Condition, Physical Exercises, Sport Education in school, Sport training | |
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ISSN: 2068-9403
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©2011 Regional Department of Defense Resources Management Studies
This work is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA