Journal of
Defense Resources Management
JoDRM Volume 6, Issue no. 2 (11), October 2015
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CONTENTS |
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I. ARTICLES |
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CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS
IN TUNISIA AND LIBYA THROUGH THE ARAB SPRING Chris TOWNSEND Middle East Foreign Area Officer, USA |
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| Abstract | |
| This paper analyzes the role of civil-military relations in the disparate outcomes of two Arab-spring countries: Tunisia and Libya. Applying paradigms developed by Serra, Schedler, and Matei, the paper explores the state of civil-military relations before, during, and after the Arab spring and shows that civil-military relations were a key variable in the outcomes. The findings demonstrate the importance of international military education and training efforts in developing countries as a hedge against instability. The global community has an important role to play in helping to professionalize military forces around the world and improve civil-military relationships. | |
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civil-military relations, Libya, Tunisia, Arab Spring, international military education and training (IMET). |
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PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT. AN ANALYSIS OF CHALLENGES, CHANGES IN COMMAND ACTION AND TRAINING NEEDS Ünsal SIĞRI, Ufuk BAŞAR Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey |
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| Abstract | |
| The aim of this paper is to uncover emerging challenges of peacekeeping operations, determine the changes in command actions and its effects on the professional preparation of commanders by analyzing experiences of military officers. To that end the research data were collected by means of structured face-to- face interviews with voluntary participation of fourteen officers, who took charge in various peacekeeping operations. The collected data were analyzed based on the content analysis method. Findings indicate that peacekeeping operations pose specific challenges for peacekeepers, necessitate changes in command action in terms of flexibility and new precautions in terms of preparation of commanders. | |
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management, Peacekeeping operations, peacekeeper, command action. |
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LEARNING INSTITUTIONS’ VULNERABILITY TO TERRORISM. AN OVERVIEW OF ISSUE COVERAGE IN NOWADAYS’ MEDIA AND SPECIALISED LITERATURE & A CASE STUDY OF GARISSA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, KENYA Elijah Onyango Standslause ODHIAMBO*, Stella WASIKE** Sussy Namaemba KIMOKOTI** *Kenya Military Academy, Ministry of State for Defense, Kenya **Department of Peace and Conflict Studies, Masinde Muliro University of Science Technology, Kenya |
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| Abstract | |
| Terrorist groups like the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, (ISIL), Al-Shabaab and Al-Qaeda have the knowledge and the capability to strike anywhere in Kenya and with Kenya Defense Forces’ (KDF) incursion into Somalia in mid-October 2011, the citizens in Mandera, Moyale, Garrisa, Nairobi and Mombasa have been attacked and lives lost. This confirms that Al-Shabaab and Al-Qaeda have been motivated by Kenya Defense Forces’ (KDF), now under the African Union Mission for Somalia (AMISOM) incursion into Somalia and they will continue to attack Kenya as a way of retaliation. The importance of Learning Institutions makes it a soft target for ISIL, Al-Shabaab and Al-Qaeda terrorists. The fact that ISIL, Al-Shabaab and Al-Qaeda terrorists will strike at Learning Institutions is real and this can be confirmed by the Garissa University College, Kenya terror attack where 148 people were killed on 2 April, 2015. The risk of terrorists attack against this critical infrastructure can result in communal disruptions, disarray, and even overreaction on the part of governments and the public as a result of any attack, may be high. We argue that Learning Institutions are vulnerable to ISIL, Al-Shabaab and Al-Qaeda terrorist attacks. In summary, the article looks at the concepts of terrorism, the dangers of attack on Learning Institutions, Kenya’s Learning Institutions preparedness and concludes with a set of recommendations. | |
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vulnerability, terrorism, learning institutions. |
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AN ANALYSIS OF THE LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY OF CYBERSPACE Cezar VASILESCU Professor dr. habil., eng. Regional Department of Defense Resources Management Studies Brasov, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| The article proposes an analysis regarding the relationship between Internet usage and language. Moreover, it highlights the impact the latter have on the human interactions depicted by future knowledge societies within the framework of the Information Age. This endeavor explores from a linguistic perspective how cyber users’ native language affects their Internet usage patterns. Hence, its final goal is to determine whether the Internet is expected to remain overbalanced in English usage. In this respect, the relationship between web users’ native language and the language content of the Internet websites they access is also examined based on statistic data. | |
| Keywords | |
| language analysis, websites, Internet users, statistics. | |
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ASPECTS OF POLICIES AND STRATEGIES FOR CYBER SECURITY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION Ilina ARMENCHEVA “G. S. Rakovski” National Defense College, Bulgaria | |
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| Freedom and prosperity of mankind greatly depend on an innovative, safe and reliable Internet that, of course, will keep evolving. Cyber space must be protected from incidents, misuse and abuse. Handling the increasing number of threats to cyber security is a challenge that national security and the trend in the international environment face. This makes taking fast and adequate measures at national, European and international level a must. Changing national security strategies and adopting new cyber security strategies are a part of these measures. | |
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national security, cyber security, national security strategy, cyber
security strategy.
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INTER–ORGANIZATIONAL COLLABORATIVE CAPACITY OF PUBLIC SECTOR INSTITUTIONS’CONTROL ENTITIES IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS Nikola T. STOYANOV “G. S. Rakovski” National Defense College, Bulgaria | |
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| Environmental challenges and natural disasters demand new tools to support the performance of public institutions in emergency situations. This paper contributes to one of the fundamental objectives – inter–organizational collaboration, namely to the objective to share experience from the implementation of methods and tools and latest research results in support of management in the new security environment. In addition, it focuses on the cognitive and human aspects of collaboration. The goal of the paper is to investigate the impact of different factors and tools for understanding, explaining, and measuring collaborative capacity of public sector institutions’ control organism in emergency situations. The paper will present intermediate results from the research on “Inter–organizational collaborative capacity of public sector institutions’ control entities in emergency situations”. Based on a theoretical model, a draft instrument was developed (i.e., a questionnaire) for data collection that can be used to 1) investigate the impact of different factors, 2) localize inefficiencies in public sector institutions’ control organs, and 3) determine measures to achieve better organizational effectiveness of public sector institutions’ control entities in emergency situations. | |
| Keywords | |
| collaboration, collaborative capacity, means, Surface Measurement Overall Performance. | |
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STRATEGIC KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN THE ARMED FORCES ACADEMY OF GENERAL M. R. ŠTEFÁNIK IN LIPTOVSKÝ MIKULÁŠ, THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC Mária PETRUFOVÁ Department of Management, The Armed Forces Academy of General M. R. Štefánik, Liptovský Mikuláš, Slovak Republic | |
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| The article stresses the importance of strategic knowledge management in the era of global competition. Strategic knowledge management raises the demand for permanent learning stressing the visions and personal aspirations of everyone within the modern effi cient organisation. Within the AFA of General M.R. Štefánik and, inherently, in the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic, strategic knowledge management employs and implements knowledge as the ultimate step in the knowledge pyramid. | |
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| strategic knowledge management, learning organisations, paradoxes of knowledge management, science, knowledge - oriented teaching at state military university. | |
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PERSONNEL PLANNING. A COMPARATIVE OUTLOOK Catalin Constantin SAMOILA Human Resource Management Directorate, Personnel Management Development Policies Office Ministry of National Defence, Bucharest, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| From a very wide perspective, planning has raised lots of issues over time. Management and business theory struggle to teach what planning is, and why it is so dramatically important, in a manner which seemingly quotes Antoine de Saint-Exupery -“A goal without a plan is just a wish”, or sets up awareness through Benjamin Franklin’s famous words -“By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail” [1]. However, some voices are circumspect or balance between the usefulness of plans and planning: “… plans are useless, but planning is indispensable” [2], while others, sporadically but decisively, criticize the entire organizational planning process, presenting it as a total failure [3]. Sometimes the ‘cons’ are right, meaning that real life might bring more surprise than ever expected. Even so, organizations benefit from planning by trying at least to ‘see’ one step forward, and to avoid total uncertainty or critical situations, if not to improve. The military ones are not exempt. Military planning has become the organic environment for such organizations since Napoleonic wars, or even longer ago. This present attempt does not intend to deeply analyze the antagonist advocacies over planning, but to bring under comparison, in a brief manner, the business-shaped theoretical approach of planning, against the real concerns of the Romanian military system in terms of manpower planning. | |
| Keywords | |
| human resources, management, personnel, manpower, workforce, military, planning. | |
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GENERAL MILITARY HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND SPECIAL FORCES HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT. A COMPARATIVE OUTLOOK Marius Emil PATRICHI Special Operations Forces Battalion, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| The switch from conscript’s army to an all volunteer force military brought new challenges for the military organization. This is more obvious in the human resource domain than in any other area. In the competition to recruit and retain quality personnel, the military organizations should strategically align the human resource management to the overall strategy. The challenges are greater for the Special Forces because the need for a rigorous selection process to recruit from within the military. The rift already in place between the conventional military and the Special Forces need to be overcome to transform the strain relationship into a positive sum game.. | |
| Keywords | |
| human resource management, special operation force, all volunteer force, human capital, manpower, recruitment. | |
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TTHE THERAPEUTIC FAIRYTALE. A STRATEGIC CHOICE FOR A PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELOR Dorina Maria PASCA Associate Professor, PhD, psychologist University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Targu Mures, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| The strategies employed by psychological counselors are meant to allow the latter professional group to establish rapport with the people in difficulty, as well as to solve problematic situations. Therefore, the current article focuses on the role of the therapeutic fairytale in enabling the target of the counseling process to learn, accept, appreciate, and understand oneself. Its accessibility and credibility scores from the unofficial list of psychotherapeutic methods and techniques applied by a counselor make the therapeutic fairytale a proper instrument not only for working with children, but also with adults. In this respect, given the “moral profit” yielded by this technique, the author of this article views and recommends the choice of the therapeutic fairytale as a strategic one. | |
| Keywords | |
| psychological counseling, therapeutic fairytale, counselling strategies. | |
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REQUIREMENTS FOR SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE MODELS FOR LARGE-SCALE DEFENSE SYSTEMS Kadir Alpaslan DEMIR Assistant Program Manager, PhD, Turkish Naval Research Center Command, Istanbul, Turkey |
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| Abstract | |
| TLarge-scale defense system projects are strategic for maintaining and increasing the national defense capability. Therefore, governments spend billions of dollars in the acquisition and development of large-scale defense systems. The scale of defense systems is always increasing and the costs to build them are skyrocketing. Today, defense systems are software intensive and they are either a system of systems or a part of it. Historically, the project performances observed in the development of these systems have been signifi cantly poor when compared to other types of projects. It is obvious that the currently used systems development life cycle models are insuffi cient to address today’s challenges of building these systems. Using a systems development life cycle model that is specifi cally designed for largescale defense system developments and is effective in dealing with today’s and near-future challenges will help to improve project performances. The fi rst step in the development a large-scale defense systems development life cycle model is the identifi cation of requirements for such a model. This paper contributes to the body of literature in the fi eld by providing a set of requirements for system development life cycle models for large-scale defense systems. Furthermore, a research agenda is proposed. | |
| Keywords | |
| defense systems, large-scale defense systems, characteristics of defense systems, system development models, software development models, requirements. | |
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A STUDY ON DEFENSE ACQUISITION MODELS WITH AN EMERGING MARKET PERSPECTIVE. THE CASE OF TURKEY Mustafa Kemal Topcu, Ph.D.*, Murat Mala, Ph.D.** Selim Müslüm, M.Sc.*** *Ankara Chamber of Industry, Ankara, Turkey **Turkish Army, Ankara, Turkey ***Turkish General Staff, Ankara, Turkey | |
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| With the end of the Cold War, the static environment, characteristic of the bipolar world, has changed quickly into a dynamic and complicated environment with new actors. These changes have also affected the countries’ armed forces and new approaches to procurement/acquisition come into progress. After the Cold War, countries have focused on responding to changing threats with their decreasing defense budgets. In this study, acquisition models and their effects on Turkey’s technology acquisition and defense industry are evaluated. The evaluation is performed based on criteria such as contribution to national economy, customization, acquisition cost, time and risk, life cycle cost, and technology acquisition. Major acquisition models in this study are determined as direct procurement, production under license, joint venture, indigenous development, production via international consortium. Finally, it is observed that the best model is indigenous development while the others will serve as technology acquisition for indigenous development. | |
| Keywords | |
| acquisition models, technology acquisition, defense systems, defense acquisition, Turkey. | |
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IMPLEMENTATION OF RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE ARMED FORCES OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC Lubomír BELAN Department of Management, Armed Forces Academy of General M. R. Štefánik, Liptovský Mikuláš, Slovakia |
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| The risk management process represents the systematic application of management policies, procedures and experience focused on the activities of communication, consultation on how to create the appropriate context and on the identification, analysis, evaluation, handling, monitoring, and review of risks. Its content is represented by general principles, communication and counseling, creating links, risk assessment, monitoring and review of risks, handling and record of the process of risk management. In terms of The Armed Forces of the SR (OS SR), this issue is an important part of management in terms of proper functionality of the components, services, and facilities (qualifications). It is certainly the difficulty and danger incurred by the processes carried out in these organizational structures (e.g. shooting, weapon handling and training, etc.) that provides a clear answer on what is necessary to do for a successful implementation of risk management issues. | |
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| risk, uncertainty, effects, the structure of the risk management, sources of the risk, the risk management process. | |
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EVALUATION OF MILITARY ACTIVITY IMPACT ON HUMANS THROUGH A PROBABILISTIC ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT. EXAMPLE OF A FORMER MISSILE BASE. Sergiy ОREL, Оleksiy IVASCHENKO Hetman Petro Sagaydachniy Academy of the Land Forces, Lviv, Ukraine |
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| The current article provides a methodology focused on the assessment of environmental factors after termination of military activity and uses a former missile base as an example. The assessment of environmental conditions is performed through an evaluation of the risks posed by the hazardous chemicals contained by underground and surface water sources and soil to human health . Moreover, by conducting deterministic and probabilistic risk assessments, the article determines that the probabilistic assessment provides more accurate and qualitative information for decision-making on the use of environmental protection measures, which often saves financial and material resources needed for their implementation. | |
| Keywords | |
| military activity, human impact, ecological risk, probabilistic risk assessment. | |
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RELATIONAL APPROACHES REGARDING FOCUSED LOGISTICS IN MODERN WARFARE JOINT OPERATIONS Gheorghe MINCULETE*, Polixenia OLAR** * Colonel, PhD in Military Sciences, professor at the Logistics, Finance and Accounting, Department, “Carol I” National Defence University, Bucharest, Romania ** Teaching Assistant, PhD, English teacher at the Joint Operations, Strategic and Security Studies Department, “Carol I” National Defence University, Bucharest, Romania |
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| The military joint operations of the future are characterized by large concentrations of forces and conventional means on the directions that permit the exploitation of the technological superiority and the manifestation of the offensive spirit of the commanders of the joint operation force groups. Having in mind the fact that the relation between the combatant forces and the logistic ones will shift more and more in favour of the latter, the aforementioned operations will be usually supported by modern flexible logistic structures. The constituted force groups will have a significant joint force character, ensuring superior quality of the troops’ combat training, both at individual level and collective level of units and large units. The current article presents innovative aspects of focused logistics, adapted for the modern warfare, which should be designed and achieved in order to increase the operational potential of the joint force groups. | |
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| security environment, modern battlefield, forces transformation, anticipatory distribution based logistic system, focused logistics, planning of focused logistics, Sense and Respond Logistics. | |
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A CYBERNETICS APPROACH TO THE SOVEREIGN DEBT CRISIS Alexandra Maria CONSTANTIN University of Economic Studies, Faculty of Cybernetics and Statistics, Bucharest, Romania |
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| The purpose of this paper is to approach the sovereign debt crisis from a cybernetics perspective, as a system that includes several interrelated subsystems. We emphasize the dynamic nature and sustainability of the sovereign debt system. The paper also discusses the transition from a sovereign debt dynamic system to a sovereign debt crisis dynamic system, transition included in the feedback control loop of the dynamic system of national economy. | |
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| sovereign debt crisis, cybernetics approach, dynamic system, national economy, feedback. | |
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II. BOOK REVIEWS |
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OPERATION LINDA NCHI. An insight into the art of modern warfare Authors: Kenya Defence Forces Publisher: Kenya Literature Bureau (KLB) Number of pages: 304 Year of publication: 2014 |
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SGT (REV) ELIJAH ONYANGO STANDSLAUSE ODHIAMBO Kenya Military Academy (KMA) Ministry of State for Defence (MOSD) and Dept. of Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology |
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| Open Access Journal |  |
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ISSN: 2068-9403
eISSN: 2247-6466
ISSN-L: 2247-6466
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©2011 Regional Department of Defense Resources Management Studies
This work is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA