Journal of
Defense Resources Management
Indexed by:
JoDRM Volume 2, Issue no. 2 (3), October 2011
CONTENTS |
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COLLABORATIVE MULTI-LEVEL PLAN MONITORING Mohamad K. ALLOUCHE*, Jean BERGER** *Defence Scientist, C2 Decision Support Systems Section, Defence Research & Development Canada - Valcartier, Quebec, Canada ** Defence Scientist, Defence Research & Development Canada - Valcartier, Quebec, Canada |
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| Abstract | |
| The recent worldwide connectivity and the net-centricity of military operations (coalition-based operations) are witnessing an increasing need for the monitoring of plan execution for enhanced resource management and decision making. Monitoring of ongoing operations is the process of continuous observation recording and reporting. In this process the plan becomes a resource that needs to be managed effi ciently. The centralized approach to plan monitoring soon reaches its limits when plan execution is distributed across different organizations/countries. We propose a new framework that would allow different monitoring nodes distributed across the network. An effi cient propagation mechanism that allows information exchange between the different nodes would also be needed. The main purpose of this mechanism is to present the right information, to the right person, at the right time. To cope with a rapid increase of information fl ow through the network, an effi cient alarm management mechanism allows the presentation of the information with an appropriate level of details. | |
| Keywords | |
Plan Monitoring, Execution Management,
Alarm Management, Resource Management, Multi-Agent Systems, Distributed
Monitoring |
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CBRN TERRORISM: A CONTRIBUTION TO THE ANALYSIS OF RISKS Dušan VIČAR*, Radim VIČAR** *Tomas Bata University, Department of Crisis Management and Logistics, Crisis Management Institute, Uherské Hradiště, Czech Republic ** University of Defence, Faculty of Economics and Management, Brno, Czech Republic |
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| Abstract | |
| The World Trade Centre attack of September 2001 and the subsequent anthrax letters brought the need for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) counter-terrorism preparadness into focus. By and large, our understanding of the nature of CBRN terrorism derives entirely from military the paradigm of chemical and biological warfare. An examination of recent CBRN terrorism events such as the 1995 Sarin attack on the Tokyo subway system by a terrorist cult and the 2001 anthrax letter attacks in the United States of America show that the military paradigm of CBW defence cannot be applied to CBRN terrorism. | |
| Keywords | |
Chemical, Biological,
Radiological and Nuclear Terrorism, CBRN agents, CBRN terrorism, CBRN
Counter-Terrorism |
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ORIENTATION: THE KEY TO THE OODA LOOP Dr. Donald A. MACCUISH Associate Professor, Strategy and Leadership Air Command and Staff College Maxwell AFB, AL 36112, USA |
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| Abstract | |
| John Boyd's research began by his quest for understanding why Americans fl ying an inferior airplane in Korea had a higher kill ratio than the adversary. He completed it with his much discussed and written about OODA Loop. What I find quite interesting is that almost everyone agrees that the most important part of the Loop is “Orientation“. I heartedly agree. If Orientation is the most important element, for lack of a better word, why do we suggest that the fi rst step is to observe? Orientation drives observation and not the other way around. I will focus my discussion on this portion of the OODA Loop. I conclude the discussion by linking Col. Boyd's cycle to leadership and organizational structure. | |
| Keywords | |
decision-making, observation,
orientation, decision, action |
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PROSECUTING SOMALIA PIRATES AS TERRORISTS ODHIAMBO E.O.S.*, ONKWARE K.*, KASSILLY J.*, NTABO O. M.** *Centre for Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance (CDMHA) Masinde Muliro University of Science Technology, Kenya **Dept. of Criminology and Social Work, Masinde Muliro University of Science Technology, Kenya |
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| Abstract | |
| This article starts from the assumption that piracy resembles terrorism in many aspects and attempts to support it through both a theoretical investigation and practical examples. The argument it makes is that Somali pirates should be prosecuted as terrorists. Moreover, it emphasizes the idea that for Somalia’s neighboring countries and not only the implementation of such an approach consists in resorting to the antiterrorist conventions already in place. Thus, for example, Kenya Navy as a piracyfi ghting agency should rely on these conventions to justify the capture and prosecution of pirates in Kenyan courts. In this respect, we emphasize the idea that only by resorting to an established international legal framework can Kenya identify the tools to counter pirates’ actions within legal limits. Moreover, this should be paralleled by efforts towards rebuilding Somalia and its institutions if long-term solutions are to be envisaged in the eradication of piracy in the Indian Ocean. In conclusion, the article looks at the concepts of piracy, terrorism and development in the Horn of Africa, suggests that piracy is a form of Terrorism and, makes a series of recommendations. | |
| Keywords | |
| piracy, terrorism, country development, Kenya Navy, Horn of Africa | |
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POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN A GLOBAL WORLD Ion GHEORGHE*, Marin ILIE **, Ana Mona ILIE *** * Lawyer, PhD, The Bar of Bucharest, Romania ** LT. GEN (ret) professor PhD, “Carol I” National Defense University, Bucharest, Romania ** lecturer PhD, “Carol I” National Defense University, Bucharest, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| All studies about globalization justly emphasize the unprecedented effects of this phenomenon at national and international level. In this respect ,it is common truth that politics, an essential element in the relationships between states, organizations and other establishments is greatly infl uenced by this complex process that defi nes contemporary society. Therefore, the aim of this article is to briefl y analyze some of the features of political developments in a globalized world. | |
| Keywords | |
politics, globalization, evolution,
strategy |
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PERSPECTIVES ON INTEROPERABILITY INTEGRATION WITHIN NATO DEFENSE PLANNING PROCESS Florian CIOCAN Field and Air Defense Training Center “Ioan Voda”, Sibiu, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| Interoperability is not a new area of effort at NATO level. In fact, interoperability and more specifi cally standardization, has been a key element of the Alliance’s approach to fi elding forces for decades. But as the security and operational environment has been in a continuous change, the need to face the new threats and the current involvement in challenging operations in Afghanistan and elsewhere alongside with the necessity to interoperate at lower and lower levels of command with an increasing number of nations, including non-NATO ISAF partners, NGOs, and other organizations, have made the task even more challenging. In this respect Interoperability Integration within NATO Defense Planning Process will facilitate the timely identifi cation, development and delivery of required forces and capabilities that are interoperable and adequately prepared, equipped, trained and supported to undertake the Alliance’s full spectrum of missions. | |
| Keywords | |
| capability, defense planning process, interoperability | |
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STRATEGIC AIRLIFT CAPABILITY: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE Cezar VASILESCU Senior lecturer, PhD eng, Regional Department of Defense Resources Management Studies, Brasov, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| Strategic airlift remains a critical supporting capability that should be achieved, maintained and improved. This capability ensures the ability to deploy and sustain military forces across possible distant battlefields. The paper analyses the growing strategic airlift capabilities gap between operational needs and current realities, and underlines the need for an enhanced strategic airlift capability to meet current and future NATO alliance needs. By analyzing requirements against the existing/potential solutions, this paper further ponders over options like the organic national capability, partnerships such as the Strategic Airlift Consortium (SAC) or leasing aircraft through a venture such as the Strategic Airlift Interim Solution (SALIS). The paper also evaluates the feasibility of applying these solutions to European Union airlift needs. | |
| Keywords | |
| Strategic Airlift Consortium (SAC), Strategic Airlift Interim Solution (SALIS), strategic airlift capability, NATO Critical Capabilities Package | |
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COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN SUPPORT OF EUROPEAN UNION-LED CRISIS MANAGEMENT MISSIONS Dănuţ ŢIGĂNUŞ PhD, “Carol I” National Defense University, Bucharest, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| This essay assesses the communications and information systems (CIS) in support of the civilian and military structures deployed in the European Union led crises management operations and missions. The article emphasizes the specific structure and function of CIS taking in consideration the particularities of EU led missions. The integration of the EU institutional networks and systems with the national systems provided by the EU member states is considered a key element. The analysis-part of this paper starts with the specific EU command and control system for crises management missions based on two autonomous solutions and one relying on NATO capabilities. Further, it continues with the challenges of the classifi ed information exchange at the operational theatre level. The most important contribution of this article is based on the long term vision implementation measures for the CIS structure, roles, functions and services provided and the information management infrastructure. CIS deployment mechanisms are described with references to the practical situation of the CIS deployed in support of crises management operations and missions. Two important defi nitions are provided regarding the CIS for crisis management and their roles in the specific EU operational environment. The system view of the operational CIS is depicted and analysed also, with a focus on the integration aspects of the infrastructure as the information transport layer for the information exchange flow. The last part of the article focuses on the CIS functions for the deployed systems which are detailed alongside with the C2 and Information Exchange Requirements in the EU operational environment. The variety of the theoretical approaches to determine the CIS infrastructure for EU-led civilian and military missions triggers the conclusion that the planning and implementation process is extremely complex especially in the context of the new security environment and requires national participation and adaptation of the national and institutional development programs in the CIS fi eld. | |
| Keywords | |
| Communications and Information Systems (CIS), EU Common Security and Defence Policy, Information Exchange Gateway, Operational Headquarters (OHQ), Force Headquarters (FHQ), crisis management, EU-led missions | |
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TRENDS IN THE CONVERGENCE OF WIRELESS NETWORKS Daniel SORA Regional Department of Defense Resources Management Studies, Brasov, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| In today’s technological market, there are many types of networks. These networks include wireless personal area networks (WPANs), wireless local area networks (WLANs), wireless metropolitan area networks (WMANs), and cellular networks. A vision of a future convergence of networks envisaged for WPANs, WLANs, WiMax, and cellular networks is presented in this paper. | |
| Keywords | |
| wireless, networks, convergence, standards, mobile, interoperability | |
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INTELLIGENCE SHARING AND DISSEMINATION IN COMBINED JOINT SPECIAL OPERATIONS Florin NEGULESCU Special Operations Forces Battalion, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| The vast majority of military strategists agree with the importance of intelligence as a decisive factor during the planning and execution of successful military operations. The intelligence process consists of five phases: Planning and Direction, Collection, Processing and Exploatation, Analysis and Production, and Dissemination and Integration. All these stages are of equal importance in the effort to provide intelligence in support of military operations. However, most analyses concerning the modernization of procedures and technologies required to improve the intelligence process mainly focus on the collection phase of the intelligence cycle. Perhaps the most disadvantaged phase of the intelligence process, in terms of methodological progress, is the intelligence dissemination phase. The purpose of this article is to stress the importance of the intelligence dissemination phase of the intelligence process and to identify the difficulties encountered in this phase during the planning and execution of CJSO (Combined Joint Special Operations). | |
| Keywords | |
| intelligence, intelligence sharing, Combined Joint Special Operations, planning, execution | |
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HUMAN SECURITY: CONSEQUENCE OF AND INCENTIVE FOR NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY Florentin Adrian ILIE Military lawyer, Parliament Liaison and Legal Assistance Directorate, Ministry of National Defense, Bucharest, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| In the evolution framework of modern society confl icts, even though not of a global outreach, have unprececedently increased in number and effects. As a result, human security, has become of top concern in democratic states. In order to understand this trend and as a result of the importance acquiered by the the concept of “human security”, it is important to undertake an investigation into its dimensions and variables. Thus, the assumption underlying this article is that human security is both a consequence and an incentive for the national and international security. | |
| Keywords | |
| human security, economic security, food security, environment security, personal security, community and political security | |
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INFORMATION ASSURANCE - INTELLIGENCE - INFORMATION SUPERIORITY RELATIONSHIP WITHIN NATO OPERATIONS Gheorghe BOARU*, Ioan-Mihai ILIEŞ** *COL. (ret) Professor, PhD, CAROL I” National Defense University, Bucharest, Romania **LTC, HUMINT Center of Excellence, Oradea, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| There is a tight relationship between information assurance, the intelligence cycle and information superiority within NATO operations. The intelligence cycle has a discrete architecture and provides on-time and relevant intelligence products to the joint force commanders and to other authorized users in a specifi c joint area of operations. The intelligence cycle must follow the evolution of the operation. A permanent intelligence estimate will be performed during the military decision making process and operations execution. Information superiority is one of the most powerful intelligence cycle achievements. and decisively infuences the success of NATO joint operations. Information superiority must be preserved and enhanced through information assurance. Information assurance is an information operation that must be planned by the military in charge of operation security or by non-military experts, executed by all personnel during the entire intelligence cycle life time and employed during the planning and execution of NATO joint operations. | |
| Keywords | |
| NATO, information, information assurance, intelligence, information superiority | |
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THE IDENTITY PERSPECTIVE WITHIN THE INTERCULTURAL RELATIONSHIPS ESTABLISHED IN THEATERS OF OPERATIONS Adrian LESENCIUC Faculty of Aeronautical Management, “Henri Coanda” Air Force Academy, Brasov, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| Identity, a self-defining feature in relation with others, represents one of the standpoints when studying intercultural relationships within the theatres of operations. Military personnel participating in different missions in these theatres are characterized by markers of ascribed identity. The Romanian military personnel participating in international missions cannot be only characterized by their ethnic identity as long as one’s identity is multiple and reflects the relationship(s) established with various social and professional groups. Unfortunately, despite the depreciation of the ascribed identity role in comparison with the optional identity role, transnational organizations do not represent a landmark for the identity of Romanians in general, and of Romanian military, in particular. Moreover, the optional identity contributes to alienation and self-closing, and not to the strengthening of relations with the military group assumed to be the group of belonging. | |
| Keywords | |
| cultures, identity, intercultural relationships, theatres of operations, group | |
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POLITENESS IN REQUESTS: SOME RESEARCH FINDINGS RELEVANT FOR INTERCULTURAL ENCOUNTERS Aura CODREANU* Alina DEBU** * PhD, MA, MSc, Regional Department of Defense Resources Management Studies, Brasov, Romania ** MA, Teacher of Romanian language, Fagaras, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| The major aim of this article is to analyze the relationship between indirectness and politeness in requests. The research project supporting the findings of the paper was undertaken in order to find out to what extent politeness and indirectness are viewed as overlapping or mutually excluding categories by Romanians compared to other nationalities, such as the British and the Hebrew. Another inherent goal of the paper is to provide an example of the socio linguistics instruments that can be employed in the investigation of the differences and similarities likely to emerge in intercultural encounters. Thus, we believe that only through similar research undertaken in the fields contributing to the emerging field of interculturality one can actually trespass the theoretical assumptions and move on to the identification of the right tools and means through which intercultural discourse to be approached at a pragmatic level and thus better understood and taught in educational establishments. | |
| Keywords | |
| social linguistics, requests, politeness, indirectness, intercultural relationships, interculturality | |
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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERFORMANCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE Brînduşa Maria POPA MSc, Regional Department of Defense Resources Management Studies, Brasov, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| The concepts of organizational culture and climate are used to describe the general characteristics of an organization showing the way it behaves in relation to its members. The culture along with the climate influence directly the performance of the organization due to the fact that subjective attitudes and perceceptions of the individuals sometimes clash with the norms established by managers. | |
| Keywords | |
| organizational culture, organizational climate, leadership, performance, change | |
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DEFENSE AND SECURITY EFFECTS OF THE ECONOMIC CRISIS Maria CONSTANTINESCU PhD, Regional Department of Defense Resources Management Studies, Brasov, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| Following the end of the Cold War and the events at the beginning of the 21st century, the nature of the threats to national security has changed, the single arch-enemy being replaced by a multitude of shifting, sometimes faceless and unpredictable enemies in the form of terrorism, ethnic and religious disputes, trans-national crime etc. Since 2008, a new aspect has been added to the national security and defense, in the form of the negative effects the current economic crisis may have upon these areas. | |
| Keywords | |
| economy, crisis, effects, security, defense | |
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POST-CRISIS PROSPECTS FOR THE MILITARY ORGANIZATION Codrin HERŢANU 95th Air Flotilla Bacau, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| Humankind has constantly evolved for the past two millenia. Even though the term development may suggest a smooth and ascending trajectory, the serious economic problems confronting countries nowadays prove otherwise. Thus, the economic forecasts seem to point out that in the 21st century environmental and resource constraints are to halt the global economic growth. As a result, austerity will reach the military budgets as well, even though the security challenges, both intra and extra-territorial, will remain more or less unchanged, for the next period. | |
| Keywords | |
| strategic concept, global missions, G2, economic crisis, swarming, identification, insurgency | |
 Pdf VersionJournal of Defense Resources Management 2:2(2011):149-154. Print |
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INSTITUTIONAL COOPERATION BETWEEN ROMANIA AND EUROPEAN UNION IN SOCIAL CRISES PREVENTION Vasile MESAROŞ COL. (ret.), Ministry of Administration and Interior, Romania |
| Abstract | |
| Romania, as an European Union member, needs to reassess some of its constitutional provisions in order to ensure full alignment of its national institutions to the EU structures. In this respect, some important additions to the Romanian Constitution are mandatory. First, a clear delineation of competences is necessary. Second, the principle of subsidiarity governing the EU exercise of competences should also be part of the Constitution. | |
| Keywords | |
| social crises, prevention, cooperation, European Union, subsidiarity, competences | |
| Pdf Version Journal of Defense Resources Management 2:2(2011):155-160. Print |
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ISSN: 2068-9403
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©2011 Regional Department of Defense Resources Management Studies
This work is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA