Journal of
Defense Resources Management
JoDRM Volume 7, Issue no. 2 (13), October 2016
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CONTENTS |
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I. ARTICLES |
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PLEADING IN FAVOUR OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
Teodor FRUNZETI Professor, Dr., Titu Maiorescu University, Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| Strategic management focuses on future development of organizations, based on a vision and a strategy. If strategic leaders demonstrate epistemic competencies, business can take place not according to the zero sum game rule, where there are always winners and losers, but to a non-zero sum game rule, where there could be only winners and no losers. Epistemic competence is given by the scientifi c nature of knowledge, it breaks down the mental automatism generated by common day to day personal experience and it uses mathematical models and other specifi c methods. Strategic management and its practical content can best be understood within the context of the theory of organization, for organizations are indispensable for the general human and civilizational progress. | |
| Key words | |
strategic management, strategic vision, strategy, strategic leadership, epistemology, epistemic competencies, scientific knowledge. |
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TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME.
AN (INTER)NATIONAL SECURITY PERSPECTIVE. Ionel STOICA Ministry of National Defense, Bucharest, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| For the past two decades organized crime has become a transnational phenomenon, and its impact is still far from being fully known and understood by common people. Its forms of manifestation, whether explicit, or subtle, are permanently evolving and adapting. As a result, its interference with the activities from the legal area makes it diffi cult to identify and counteract. After a long period of time when it was more a peripheral phenomenon, current transnational organized crime tends to become a major danger to the political, social and economic stability of the states. Through its nature and goals, as well as through the complexity of its forms of manifestation, transnational organized crime represents a major challenge for the state and nonstate organizations that deal with national and international security. This paper focuses on the phenomenon starting from some of the most infl uent theories in international relations, presents the current features of transnational organized criminal groups and analyzes the causes and the favoring factors of the phenomenon, as well as the impact of the phenomenon upon national and international security at political, economic-financial and military level. The approach is an interdisciplinary one and also covers the nexus between transnational organized crime and international terrorism. | |
| Key words | |
organized crime, international relations theories, criminal organizations, terrorism. |
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A VUCA ACTION FRAMEWORK FOR A VUCA ENVIRONMENT. LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS Aura CODREANU Regional Department of Defense Resources Management Studies, Brasov, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| The 1990 coinage describing the surrounding environment as volatile, uncertain, complex and agile (VUCA) is becoming a cliché in the absence of a more profound analysis. To try and uncover its causes would take a comprehensive study that covers multiple areas such as economy, sociology, psychology, history, etc. and that cannot be covered in just few pages. Nonetheless, the reality it describes signals a high need for intervention. Consequently, what this article proposes is an overview of the possible solutions that leaders may have at their disposal or they can build in order to counter the effects of the phenomena derived from such reality via vision, understanding, clarity and agility (VUCA). Thus, its assumption is that by depicting the overt aspects of the phenomena, possible solutions may emerge in the form of a general action plan. Hence, the potential flaw of the ideas to be expressed: the general aspects need to be adapted and matched to specific environments, which hopefully becomes possible should a specific mindset be assumed via the aforementioned action framework. | |
| Key words | |
volatility, uncertainty, complexity, ambiguity, vision, clarity, agility, strategic leadership, environment, dissonance, entropy, disengagement. |
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AN ETHICS RELATED APPROACH TO HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE MILITARY Rares-Mihail PLACINTĂ Romanian Land Forces |
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| Abstract | |
| In all countries there is a new interest in all matters concerning ethics, with a sum of questions that are increasingly hard to answer – like who’s to blame for terrorist attacks, why different people are reacting so strange, so “away” from our way of thinking. As a result, there is an increase in the number of people, teaching or attending courses in ethics than before. Doctors, politicians, prosecutors, professors are developing new rules acceptable for the whole spectrum of their profession, with a declared intent to follow up on living up to the new codes. As part of most societies, the military have made a tradition of studying ethics, mostly through case studies, through examples, and least through a philosophical approach. The process of making decisions is something that comes like breathing to an officer, so are we taking all steps in making sure that those decisions are ethical ones too? | |
| Key words | |
| military ethics, ethical principles, senior management, ethical decision-making, integrity. | |
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IDENTIFYING INTERNAL MOBILITY PATTERN DIFFERENCES WITHIN THE CANADIAN ARMED FORCES Michel G. GAUTHIER Defence Research and Development, Ottawa, Canada | |
| Abstract | |
| During their career, members of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) are frequently assigned to a new position and can even change profession. This high, but normal, level of mobility within the CAF can potentially hide indicators of mobility pattern differences among women and men. This article presents a method to study the mobility of the CAF members over the last decade. We propose a series of statistical tests to detect trends and identify a list of conditions for which the mobility indicators differ from one subpopulation to another. Our analysis uses Fisher’s exact test to compare various populations for which sizes can vary from very small (less than 50) to large (tens of thousands). Since our approach allows us to do tests of statistical signifi cance on small samples, we were able to perform a detailed breakdown of the CAF population (down to the occupational level). | |
| Key words | |
personnel management and training, career analysis, workforce mobility, categorical data, statistical testing, Fisher’s exact test. |
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THE ROLE OF OCCUPATIONAL STANDARDS IN THE ROMANIAN ARMED FORCES HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Mihaela HARALAMBIE Human Resources Management Directorate, Bucharest, Romania | |
| Abstract | |
| Given the fact that for more than 50% of the total human resource (military and civilian) and more than 90% of the military personnel, not only the continuous (after employment) training, but also the initial one (before employment) is provided inside the military education and training system, it becomes a matter of utmost importance for the Romanian Ministry of National Defence to make the best possible use of its resources in order to get the right person, with the right qualifi cation and skills, in the right position, at the right time. The first step in the attempt to accomplish this ambitious objective has already been made by establishing the classifi cation of the military occupations within the Romanian Armed Forces. The next step should be that of performing an occupational analysis in order to have each military occupation described by occupational standards. These standards will make possible a better match of the qualifications and skills get by the graduates of the initial training programmes to the requirements of their first job assignment. This will be possible trough a revision and, wherever it may be necessary, a curriculum correction, in accordance with the identifi ed occupational standards, so that the real training demands can be effectively met and the full potential of the human resources can be exploited. | |
| Key words | |
| competence, skill, qualification, curriculum, occupational standards, occupational analysis. | |
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THE PREMISE OF LEADERSHIP: THE TRUE SELF Daniela BELU “Henri Coanda” Air Force Academy, Brasov, Romania | |
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| To leaders, life is to learn how to be aware of the separation from the false self every day by renouncing the stake of the petty survival and valorising the true self as the love of one’s self and the love of the others, without which the notion of leadership would make no sense. | |
| Key words | |
| globalization, integration, security, capability, multinational companies. | |
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COMMUNICATING FOR SUCCESS Brindusa Maria POPA Regional Department of Defense Resources Management Studies, Brasov, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| Organizational communication, both internal and external, affects organizational efficiency and effectiveness and consequently, the objectives of the organization. Communication is one the elements of the organizational life which is taken for granted and most of the times overlooked. It is pervasive and inherent in all activities thus, it cannot be analyzed in isolation, but in an organizational context. A well structured communication system will impact the performance of the organization through the quantity, but mostly the quality of the information it transports. Information should be clear, concise, specific, open, multi-directional. | |
| Key words | |
| communication, organization, control, effectiveness, efficiency, strategies, goals, objectives. | |
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MODELLING THE OPTIMUM LEVEL OF INFORMATION TRANSFER IN RADIO COMMUNICATION Valentin Eugen GHIȘA Transylvania University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Romania Lavinia Nicoleta GHIȘA Manager, Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company, Tg. Mures, Department of Regional Studios |
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| Abstract | |
| Information that is broadcast live via radio involves complex human interactions between the sender and the receiver. The work done in radio programs benefits and builds upon numerous scientific studies conducted in fields like natural language processing, emotional and prosodic modelling, as well signal processing. With a view to all of the above, this article focuses on the means by which direct verbal communication characteristic of radio broadcasts can be made more efficient by optimizing the level of information conveyed by new messages, considering the level of information absorption on behalf of radio audience. | |
| Key words | |
| radiophony, hybrid algorithm, optimization. | |
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THE CYBERSECURITY OF AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEMS AS A KEY COMPONENT OF NATIONAL SECURITY Galin R. IVANOV LTC, PhD, Chief Assistant Professor, Security and Defence Management Department, Rakovski National Defense Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria |
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| Abstract | |
| This article focuses on the current problems raised by the necessity to provide and ensure national cybersecurity. Moreover, it suggests measures for adequate counteraction to present-day cyber threats to automated control systems employed in the sector of national security. | |
| Key words | |
| information security, cybersecurity, cyberspace, cybercrime, national security. | |
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INFORMATION IN THE AREA OF SECURITY. NEW PARADIGMS Roman KWEĆKA Col. (ret.) PhD, Assistant Professor, Institute of Security Systems Engineering, National Security Faculty, National Defense University, Poland |
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| Abstract | |
| This article proposes a qualitatively new approach to concepts such as: information, area of information security, information security and information warfare. Moreover, it presents the information paradigm and information security paradigm. The diagnosis of processes and information systems of the organization in information warfare has been focused on praxeological aspect of the warfare itself, especially on its unarmed form, as the climax of a negative cooperation between the entities in their security space. | |
| Key words | |
| security, information, data, paradigm, information warfare, information security. | |
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PLANNING INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES IN A DYNAMIC SECURITY ENVIRONMENT Anca PAVEL PhD student “Mihai Viteazul” National Intelligence Academy, Bucharest, Romania | |
| Abstract | |
| The hypothesis introduced by this article is that, in order to perform intelligence missions and to obtain valuable intelligence for the consumers it is necessary to implement processes and tools to support planning activities. Today's challenges consist rather in the ability of intelligence organizations to identify and initiate new connections, processes and communication flows with other partners operating in the security environment than to plan in their own name secret operations. From this point of view, planning activities should focus on new procedures, at a much more extensive level in order to align institutional efforts beyond the boundaries of their own organization and the national community of information. Also, in order to coordinate intelligence activities, strategic planning must be anchored into a complex analysis of the potential impact of existing and possible future global phenomena that shape the security environment and thus identify better ways of improving results. | |
| Key words | |
| intelligence capabilities, organizational planning, strategic analysis, security environment, organizational resources. | |
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THE INFLUENCE OF THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ON ORGANIZATIONS Emanoil MUSCALU Dumitru IANCU *”Lucian Blaga” University, Sibiu Elisabeta-Emilia HALMAGHI “Nicolae Bălcescu” Land Forces Academy, Sibiu |
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| Abstract | |
| The dynamics and complexity of external environment causes changes in organizations’ overall activity. These can lead to disruptions in their work, with multiple implications, both internally and within the areas in which they act. Since the elements that are related to organizations' external environment do not evolve simultaneously in the same direction and with the same intensity, the effects triggered on these entities are different. The influences between organizations and their external environment are reciprocal: the former influence the environment through their products, services, whereas their outer environment influence organizations. Consequently, to increase the efficiency and competitiveness of organizations, the decisions of managers must take into account the aforementioned interdependence. | |
| Key words | |
| organization, external environment, products, services, efficiency | |
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FACTORS INFLUENCING CONTINUOUS ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE Alexandru RIZESCU “Nicolae Bălcescu” Land Forces Academy, Sibiu, Romania Cosmin TILEAGA **“Lucian Blaga” University, Sibiu, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| Change involves the continuous adjustment to the external conditions of organizations in the operating environment, in parallel with the growth of domestic stability. This process constitutes the dilemma of change-stability, which can be tackled only through a vision of the future, meaning the idorganization of organization environment interaction along with a flexible organizational structure, the use of advanced technology and the existence of a system of rewarding employees that reflects the values and priorities of both, organizational norms and individual needs. | |
| Key words | |
| organizational change, management change, organizational environment. | |
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AN OVERVIEW OF DEFENSE TRANSFORMATION FROM A MANPOWER AND PERSONNEL PERSPECTIVE Sorin SĂVUȚ Human Resource Management Directorate, Bucharest, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| The aim of this paper is to place armed forces transformation into the context of defense transformation. As such, it will focus on describing, sometimes using the exact words, the approaches taken by the United States, United Kingdom and Romania towards adapting to the current and future security environment. Thus, it claims no originality its sole focus being that of allowing the reader to make an implicit comparison between various perspectives on transformation. | |
| Key words | |
| defense transformation, manpower, personnel. | |
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ATTRACTING AND MOTIVATING EMPLOYEES DURING CHANGES IN ORGANIZATION. THE ROLE OF THE HUMAN RESOURCES DEPARTMENT Emanoil MUSCALU Professor Dr., “Lucian Blaga” University, Sibiu, Romania Florian CIOCAN “General Eremia Grigorescu” Application School for Combat Support Units Sibiu, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| The success or failure of an organization is intrinsically linked to how managers treat their employees. The role of motivation is not just to make people work, but to make them work well, causing managers to use in full physical and intellectual resources. Where there is motivation, there is productivity and performance, and people are happy. In other words, everyone wins. Motivation and retention are crucial in the success of not only at the organization level, but also at the level of any department, project or plan and, arguably, are one of the most important areas of responsibility of a manager. | |
| Key words | |
| human resources, employee motivation, organizational change. | |
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MANAGEMENT STYLE AS A TRIGGERING FACTOR FOR ORGANIZATION EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY George BUCATĂ “Lucian Blaga” University, Sibiu, Romania Alexandru Marius RIZESCU “Nicolae Bălcescu” Land Forces Academy, Sibiu, Romania |
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| By adopting a proper management style, the primary mission of a manager is to facilitate individual and collective performance, to create the conditions required to obtain a good yield. This is because the performance of individual and collective yield lead, ultimately, to profit and at the opening of new opportunities for development, both at the individual level and at the level of the organization. | |
| Key words | |
| management style, performance management, leadership styles, leadership performance. | |
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“PUSH” AND “PULL” SYSTEMS IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT. CORRELATIVE APPROACHES IN THE MILITARY FIELD Gheorghe MINCULETE Colonel, PhD in Military Sciences, professor at the Logistics, Finance and Accounting, Department, “Carol I” National Defence University, Bucharest, Romania Polixenia OLAR Teaching Assistant, PhD, English teacher at the Joint Operations, Strategic and Security Studies Department, “Carol I” National Defence University, Bucharest, Romania |
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| The increase in economic, social and security risks is currently determined by the resource crisis on the one hand, as well as by the economic competition and global military challenges on the other hand, which amplifies instability and jeopardizes the viability of inter-state relations at global level. In these circumstances, the complexity of the economic and military environments determines company managers and military leaders to act by way of “push” and “pull” systems in order to make their own logistic activities more effective, in view of attaining their projected strategic objectives. In the current article we try to briefly address the “push” and “pull” systems within the Supply Chain Management, setting off from the concrete demands of consumers/users in the economic and military fields. | |
| Key words | |
| supply chain management, push strategy, pull strategy, feel and respond logistic model, supply, resupply, logistic transports. | |
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CORE COMPETENCES OF PIRACY AND MARITIME TERRORISM Piotr GAWLICZEK Capt. (N) ret., Associate Professor, National Defence University, Poland Aneta NOWAKOWSKA-KRYSTMAN PhD, National Defence University, Poland |
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| Abstract | |
| The intensity of the attacks, the level of violence, the scale of destruction in the maritime areas forces creation of certain security conditions. Recognizing the enemy - piracy and maritime terrorism - by identifying their resources, skills and competences is necessary action in building the safety of vessels and maritime infrastructure. Building competence of terrorist organization and maritime piracy requires the involvement of many interrelated resources and their proper coordination. It seems that, as in a business model, in these criminal organizations there are similar resources, skills and competences that determine the advantage and strategic value of the organization. However, the weight of each factor is different. The same assumption can be related to piracy and the activities of the terrorist organization at sea. The results of the study suggest that the main sources of success of analyzed criminal organizations generate harm for national security. In the case of piracy, they result from the following spheres: human capital, attributable to the skills capital; structural capital, belonging to innovation capital; relational capital, depending on customers' capital. As for terrorist activities, they stem from the spheres of: human capital, belonging to social capital; structural capital, attributable to the process capital; relational capital and determined by capital of standing out. In summary, this article is intended to show a terrorist organization and maritime piracy through the prism of resources theory, skills and competences of strategic management. As one of the fi rst, it places many questions, formulate some theses in the area of competences of organizations. Answering the questions, verifi cation of posed theses, requires also in-depth research that will be published in subsequent works. | |
| Key words | |
| supply chain management, push strategy, pull strategy, feel and respond logistic model, supply, resupply, logistic transports. | |
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THE IMAGE OF PIRACY AND MARITIME TERRORISM. THE MEDIA AS A TOOL FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT PIOTR GAWLICZEK Capt. (N) ret., Associate Professor, National Defence University, Poland ANETA NOWAKOWSKA-KRYSTMAN PhD, National Defence University, Poland |
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| Abstract | |
| The subject of the article was the issue of shaping the image of piracy and maritime terrorism. Emphasis was put on the media, including those using information and communication technologies. The answers to problem questions were sought: (1) Who and why forms that image (2) what tools are used for its construction. The article presents the trends and development tendencies of the analyzed phenomena, based on the report of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). Furthermore, the results of surveys, conducted among students of military academies, on perception of piracy and maritime terrorism, are cited. | |
| Key words | |
| supply chain management, push strategy, pull strategy, feel and respond logistic model, supply, resupply, logistic transports. | |
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II. BOOK REVIEWS |
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ADRENALINE JUNKIES AND TEMPLATE ZOMBIES. Understanding Patterns of Project Behavior Authors: Tom Demarco, Peter Hruschka, Tim Lister, Steve McMmenamin, James Robertson, Suzanne Robertson Publisher: Dorset House Publishing Number of pages: 248 Year of publication: 2008 |
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| Reviewer: | |
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DR. KADIR ALPASLAN DEMIR Assistant Program Manager, Turkish Naval Research Center Command, Istanbul, Turkey |
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| Open Access Journal |  |
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ISSN: 2068-9403
eISSN: 2247-6466
ISSN-L: 2247-6466
Contact
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©2011 Regional Department of Defense Resources Management Studies
This work is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA