Journal of
Defense Resources Management
JoDRM Volume 4, Issue no. 2 (7), October 2013
 Pdf Version (full issue) |
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CONTENTS |
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I. ARTICLES |
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CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS IN MUSLIM COUNTRIES.
THE CASES OF EGYPT, PAKISTAN, AND TURKEY Thomas C. BRUNEAU, Tyrell MAYFIELD, Kevin MCCASKEY, Jason WEECE, Florina Cristiana MATEI Department of National Security Affairs, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, USA |
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| Abstract | |
| This article analyzes the role of the military in the contemporary politics of Egypt, Pakistan, and Turkey. While there is literature on military coups, and analyses of the military in democratic consolidation, there is little on the military’s role in democratic transitions. There is virtually none on Arab or Muslim countries. The Arab Spring has brought renewed attention to the role of the military in these problematic transitions. Utilizing a common framework, based on Alfred Stepan’s “prerogatives”, the article compares and contrasts the position of the military in these three countries. In order to explain the different powers of the militaries in accord with these variables, the article then examines a series of fi ve commonly identifi ed factors promoting or impeding the political role position of the military. | |
| Keywords | |
Civil-military relations; Civilian control of the military; Turkey;
Pakistan; Egypt; Military prerogatives; Military and democratic transition |
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MANAGING INTRA-REGIONAL CONFLICTS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA. THE CASE OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA Ioana-Bianca BERNA Associate Assistant, PhD. National School of Political and Administrative Studies Bucharest, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| This paper is aiming to address the Association of Southeast Asian Nations’ (ASEAN’s) management of intra-regional conflicts by integrating the study of the core-source of its current position, comparing and contrasting the different two most significant periods of its existence: the early Post-Cold War Era and its current unveilings, and hedging towards explaining why its barely-enough pragmatism is no longer a solvable demeanor for its survival. The paper will focus on the The South China Sea conflict in the pursuance to explain the distinctions that ASEAN’s management of intra-regional confl icts has gained through experience, through realizing its limited containment capacity as far the regional role of great powers is concerned, or through a critical removal of passivism in the confi dence-winning processes of extra-regional partners. The paper’s choice to address The South China Sea as an intra-regional conflict may be surprising for some, or may inflate others more straightforward as far as the choice for instrumental methods is concerned. In order to better explain this paper’s macro-purposes, the South-China Sea confl ict is an intra-regional confl ict, as the Southeast Asian states involved have divergent claims regarding the sovereignty dilemma. Secondly, more interesting issues might be brought to the table with the involvement of a great power in an intra-regional confl ict. Last but not least, as connected to the previous argument, ASEAN’s engaging and sensitizing of China may generate, from an early start, effects on the perceptionbuilding process between the actors involved. | |
| Keywords | |
Regional Management; Intra-regional Conflicts; Security Dynamics |
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THE REPRISAL ATTACKS BY AL-SHABAAB AGAINST KENYA Cpl (REV’D) E.O.S.ODHIAMBO*, Dr. J. KASSILLY**, L.T MAITO**, Prof. K. ONKWARE***, Dr.W. A. OBOKA***, Maj. (VEN) NAKHUMWA HABIL OTIPI**** *Kenya Military Academy (KMA), Ministry of State for Defence (MoSD) **Dept. of Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS), Masinde Muliro University of Science Technology ***Dept. of Emergency Management and Humanitarian Assistance (EMHA), Masinde Muliro University of Science Technology ****National Defence College (NDC), Ministry of State for Defence (MoSD) Nairobi, Kenya |
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| Abstract | |
| The incursion of Kenya Defence Forces (KDF) into Somalia was met by a series of threats from the Al-Shabaab that it would increase the attacks against Kenya if the troops were not withdrawn. The capture of Kismayu by KDF has weakened the nerve of Al-Shabaab but has not eliminated the imminent danger of a substantive terror attack. Since the incursion by KDF, Kenya has succumbed to a sequence of grenade and Improvised Explosive Devices attacks, roadside bombs, landmines and raids by fighters using small arms and light weapons and Rocket Propelled Grenades against Kenyans mostly in North Eastern, Coastal and Nairobi counties, marking the resurgence of terrorism in the country. We argue that Kenya is more vulnerable to Al-Shabaab terrorists attack than before the KDF incursion by citing the frequencies of reprisal attacks from October 2011 to January 2013. Hence, our troops should be withdrawn and deployed within our boundary. | |
| Keywords | |
Incursion; International Law; Reprisal Attacks |
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TACKLING PIRACY AND OTHER ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES IN NIGERIAN WATERS Uchenna Jerome ORJI LL.B (Hons.), University of Nigeria; LL.M, University of Ibadan, Barrister and Solicitor of the Supreme Court of Nigeria |
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| Abstract | |
| Nigeria has continued to attract international attention as a hot spot of maritime insecurity due to rising incidents of piracy and attacks against maritime assets. This article briefly discuses the challenge of maritime insecurity in Nigerian waters and suggests some responses that will enhance a remediation of the problem. | |
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| National Security; Nigeria; Gulf of Guinea; Economic Security; Piracy; Maritime Security | |
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STRATEGIC PLANNING IN INFORMATION RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Cezar VASILESCU Senior lecturer, PhD. Regional Department of Defense Resources Management, Brasov, Romania | |
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| The field of strategic management has offered a variety of frameworks and concepts for the past years, many with the declared aim of “taking business and its management seriously”. Strategic planning can help an organization to build its sustained competitive advantage in the face of an uncertain marketplace, but it requires new ways of thinking in order to create feasible alternatives. This article examines how the Chief Information Officer (CIO) can use strategy and planning as an enabler to meet the mission of an organization. The analysis focuses on some common problems that occur in strategic planning. Managers need to identify these potential issues, so that they can recognize and deal with them if they arise in their own strategic planning. A systems approach is taken which presents planning as an open inclusive process that seeks to produce flexible systems capable of growth and adaptation to meet changing needs and missions. | |
| Keywords | |
Strategic Planning; Mission; Vision; Strategic Plan |
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ANALYZING THE IMPORTANCE OF INITIATIVE IN AN INFANTRY COMPANY’S BATTLE EXERCISE Jari SORMUNEN*, Harri ESKELINEN** * LTC, National Defence University, Finnish Defence Forces, Finland ** D.Sc., Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland | |
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| The purpose of this paper is to present how to study tactical phenomena from battle space situation pictures to find out if real initiative leads to success in the battle. In this paper, numerical values are calculated to determine whether there is also a correlation between situational awareness and initiative. The results are verified based on battle space situation pictures. In addition, the analyses of distributions describing the variation in the soldiers’ feelings of their own forces and the adversary having the initiative are used to support the results showing which fighting side has the initiative. | |
| Keywords | |
| Military Tactics; Infantry; Company; Attack; Initiative | |
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ASSESSING SMALL SAMPLE WAR-GAMING DATASETS W. J. HURLEY*, R. N. FARRELL** * Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario, Canada **Royal Military College of Canada | |
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| One of the fundamental problems faced by military planners is the assessment of changes to force structure. An example is whether to replace an existing capability with an enhanced system. This can be done directly with a comparison of measures such as accuracy, lethality, survivability, etc. However this approach does not allow an assessment of the force multiplier effects of the proposed change. To gauge these effects, planners often turn to war-gaming. For many war-gaming experiments, it is expensive, both in terms of time and dollars, to generate a large number of sample observations. This puts a premium on the statistical methodology used to examine these small datasets. In this paper we compare the power of three tests to assess population differences: the Wald-Wolfowitz test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and re-sampling. We employ a series of Monte Carlo simulation experiments. Not unexpectedly, we find that the Mann-Whitney test performs better than the Wald-Wolfowitz test. Resampling is judged to perform slightly better than the Mann-Whitney test. | |
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Hypothesis testing; Small sample; War gaming; Mann-Whitney; Wald-Wolfowitz; Resampling |
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THE ROLE OF PRAGMATICS IN UNDERSTANDING HUMAN COMMUNICATION IN AN INSTITUTIONAL SETTING Hussain AL SHAROUFI Gulf University for Science and Technology-Kuwait |
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| Abstract | |
| This study tries to show the importance of pragmatics in understanding human communication in an institutional setting. Speakers and listeners are actively involved in a negotiating process that leads to creating a cycle of actively changing contexts in which speech acts win their legitimacy of being real doers of action in real-time situations. Particular cultural repertoires in human societies facilitate language with a wealth of contextual resources that can help anchor meaning by favouring particular speech acts to other ones. In investigating some dialogical tactics practiced by some Kuwaiti customer service employees in Kuwait, I found that Mey’s pragmeme is the ideal outcome of these dialogic encounters. In Mey’s viewpoint, no speech act means anything without the cultural context in which it originates, a stance which casts a serious doubt on the semantico-syntactic analysis of speech acts in a Searlean sense. The communicative value of ethos in institutional encounters relies primarily on looking at meaning from a pragmatic perspective, to be more precise here from a pragmemic perspective. In order to assess the level of their socio-pragmatic awareness and their ability to depend on their socio-pragmatic resources to persuade their customers, I interviewed a group of customer service employees at some Kuwaiti banks. The results of the study showed cogently that bank employees in Kuwait have high socio-pragmatic awareness, which helped them significantly in attracting more customers to their banks. Those employees showed clear awareness of strategic positive politeness and effective usage of appropriate pragmemes, contextualized speech acts (Mey 2001, Capone 2005). Making promises, guaranteeing exceptional services, and pampering clients with versatile banking products are some of the socio-pragmatic strategies used by the aforementioned employees. | |
| Keywords | |
| Pragmeme; Institutional language; Societal pragmatics; Negotiating pragmemes | |
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TEACHING MILITARY ETHICS IN THE ROMANIAN MILITARY EDUCATION ESTABLISHMENTS Aura CODREANU* Dr. Donald A. MACCUISH** *Lecturer, Regional Department of Defense Resources Management Studies, Brasov, Romania **Associate Professor, Air Command and Staff College, Maxwell AF Base, USA |
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| Abstract | |
| Teaching military ethics as an independent discipline in the Romanian military higher educational institutions may prove a conundrum. Some of the reasons for this are rooted in the dominant cultural background and religious inheritance of the Romanian people and in the ethos and culture of the Romanian military. In addition, the research focused on this topic in Romania is rather scarce and conducted mainly by Romanian scientists at an individual level rather than at a collaborative or cooperative one. All of the above have an important say in the attitude of those who take various educational programs, as well as in trainers’/educators’ struggle to fi nd the best approach towards such a topic. This article aims at highlighting the main challenges and opportunities raised for both researchers and educators who are keen on addressing military ethics as a subject matter in the Romanian higher military education establishments. The method to be employed is an AS IS analysis of the status military ethics has in the curricula of various Romanian military higher educational establishments. The educational offering under scrutiny concerns the undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate studies offered by the “Carol I” National Defense University, by the service academies: “Henri Coanda” Air Force Academy, “Mircea cel Batran” Naval Forces Academy, “Nicolae Balcescu” Land Forces Academy, as well as by departments like the Regional Department of Defense Resources Management conducting postgraduate career courses. The analysis will be based on information from open sources. Given the terminological variations of the term ’ethics’, as well as the likelihood for certain training/educational programs not to explicitly include the term in their curricula, we will center the scope of the investigation on the way the principles guiding militaries’ ethical behavior included in the Code of Conduct for Romanian Military And Civil Personnel[1] presented in the Order of the Minister of National Defense no. M94 of 8.06.2004 are included in the curricula of the aforementioned educational programs. Apart from these guiding variables, we will also critically analyze the match between the goals and objectives of the subject matters listing ethical issues, the methods chosen to teach these (i.e. “formal classes in moral philosophy”, case studies, motivational speakers, role models, etc. (Robinson et all: 2008, 9-10), their target audience and the level of education. In the end, based on the findings we will make a set of recommendations concerning the steps that could be taken towards teaching ethics as an individual subject matter on various educational programs within the Romanian military. | |
| Keywords | |
| Military ethics; Ethics education; Curriculum; Romanian military; Defense higher education establishment | |
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ONLINE MARKETING. CHALLENGES AND OPORTUNITIES FOR THE MILITARY HIGHER EDUCATION Gheorghe MINCULETE* Maria -Ana CHISEGA-NEGRILA** * PhD in Military Sciences, Logistics, Finance and Accounting Department, “Carol I” National Defense University, Bucharest, Romania ** PhD, associate professor, Foreign Languages Department, “Carol I” National Defence University, Bucharest, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| The impact of the Internet on marketing is a radical phenomenon whose elements are diffi cult to quantify. The explosive dynamics of the phenomenon has determined unpredictable evolutions, shaking the very foundations of modern economics, and putting to the test modern managers’ ability, intelligence, and capacity to adapt. In this situation, online marketing is a challenge to organizations, taking into account the opportunities offered by the Internet at global level. In higher education, online marketing is a rapid way to form and develop the image of an institution regarding not only the implementation of strategies, policies, plans, and educational programs, but also the better use of products and services that accompany the offers according to the requests of beneficiaries or interested users. This article stresses the essential aspects of educational marketing whose requests become viable through e-marketing. To this end, we will approach the mechanism of online marketing, and further, we will concentrate on its applications for higher military education. In addition, we will approach eLearning as a modern electronic system to implement e-marketing objects. | |
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| Educational management; Educational marketing; Online marketing; Online marketing strategies; Online promotion; Online clients; Military academic institutions | |
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THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE MILITARY. A STEP FORWARD FOR DEFENSE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Fanel RADULESCU Capt CDR, Romanian Navy Staff, Navy Operational HQ |
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| So far the implementation of total quality management as a means to improve the quality of the defense services the armed forces provide its stakeholders has proven a success in other military establishments. Hence, the current article aims at overviewing the basic principles underlying the TQM philosophy and the likely hindrances the latter’s implementation may be confronted with should such an approach be taken in the Romanian military. | |
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| TQM; Defense Resources Management; Leadership; Organizational Culture | |
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FEATURES OF STUDENT PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELLING Maria Dorina PASCA PhD, psychologist, The University of Medicine and Pharmacy Targu Mures, Romania |
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| Abstract | |
| Student psychological counseling is one of the means to acknowledge student identity by employing counseling tools that allow the psychologist to make use of a set of skills essential in achieving envisaged outcomes. To act as counseling psychologist for students is to guide actions by the five wh- questions: who (the client is), why (the counselor is approached), who (the counselor talks to), what (problem the student has to tackle), how (the problem can be solved). Some of the most important features that contribute to solving student problems are the counselor’s deontology, trustworthiness and attitude that are to be relied on without impeding the client’s personality traits. Thus, developing awareness of the features underlying student psychological counseling and acting accordingly is the real test for any professional in the field. Therefore, the real challenge is not being in the lion’s den, but living with it. | |
| Keywords | |
| Counselor; Student; Psychologist; Acceptance; Identity | |
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FLIGHT SIMULATION IN AIR FORCE TRAINING. A KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER EFICIENCY PERSPECTIVE Alexandru GHEORGHIU Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania |
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| For decades the issue of training through simulation has been discussed and studied to show its value and importance in fighter pilot training programs. Besides the fact that simulators are less expensive than a real airplane, and eliminate the operational risks that are present in a real flight they bring a significant contribution to the pilot training by their fidelity and realism that they show in such scenarios as in the reality. To measure the efficiency of training transfer from simulator to the aircraft, performance indicators were defined. The purpose of this article is to define these performance indicators and measurement of training transfer within the flight simulator involvement. | |
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| Flight simulation; Training effectiveness; Training transfer | |
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THE MANAGEMENT OF MEDICAL ANALYSIS LABORATORIES AND BIOLOGICAL RISK PREVENTION Dr. Mihaela BARCAN TB Hospital Leamna, Craiova, Romania |
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| The increasing number of reports on biological terrorist threats identified at international level raised serious challenges not only for the scientists but also for people responsible of population health. This paper investigates the importance of standardizing and implementing regulations regarding the activity of biological hazards analysis. Medical analysis laboratories and public health units have responsibilities in this field and consequently the need and means to implement quality standards ISO 15189 and ISO 15190 is also examined. | |
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| Biological threat; ISO 15189; ISO 15190; Medical analysis laboratory | |
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II. BOOK REVIEWS |
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MILITARY MEDICAL ETHICS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY Edited by: Michael L. GROSS, Don CARRICK Ashgate Publishing Company, 2013 ISBN 978-1-4094-3898-4 |
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| Reviewer: | |
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Shannon E. FRENCH, PhD. Inamori Professor in Ethics, Case Western Reserve University,Cleveland, Ohio, USA |
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WAR AND MORALITY. CITIZENS’ RIGHTS AND DUTIES Author: Michael CAVANAGH Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 2012 ISBN 978-0786469888 |
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| Reviewer: | |
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Donald A. MACCUISH Air Command and Staff College, Maxwell AFB, AL, USA |
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| Pdf Version Journal of Defense Resources Management 4:2(2013):165-166. Print |
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USA, INDIA, AFRICA DURING AND AFTER THE COLD WAR Author: G.P. OKOTH University of Nairobi Press, 2010 ISBN 9966–846–96–4 |
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Corporal (Rev’d) Elijah Onyango Standslause ODHIAMBO Kenya Military Academy (KMA), Ministry of State for Defence (MOSD) and Dept. of Peace and Confl ict Studies (PCS) Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology |
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| Pdf Version Journal of Defense Resources Management 4:2(2013):167-170. Print |
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| Open Access Journal |  |
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ISSN: 2068-9403
eISSN: 2247-6466
ISSN-L: 2247-6466
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©2011 Regional Department of Defense Resources Management Studies
This work is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA